Advances in Multifunctional Hernia Repair Mesh to Minimize Post-Surgical Complications

As one of the most frequently performed surgeries worldwide, hernia repair addresses a pathological condition caused by muscle weakness and defects in the muscle wall. Despite its prevalence, hernia surgery remains challenging due to complications such as organ occlusion, seroma, persistent pain, tissue adhesions, and wound infection. Surgical meshes have become the preferred choice for abdominal wall hernia repair, aiming to restore the physical integrity and functionality of the musculofascial layers. Although various types of hernia mesh are available on the market to mitigate post-reconstruction complications, none have proven to be a perfect solution for reducing hernia recurrence. In this review, we explore the etiology of hernias, the materials and structures used in designing hernia meshes, and the emerging multifunctional trends aimed at addressing not just one aspect of the complications but the overall range of complications following hernia repair. We discuss strategies to mitigate side effects and establish the characteristics of ideal hernia repair meshes. Lastly, this review outlines future research directions for developing successful hernia repair solutions, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to enhance patient outcomes and minimize recurrence rates.