Short Chain Fatty Acids In Regulation Of The Immune System And Tissue Inflammation In The Intestine

Intestinal epithelial cells (ECs) and immune cells are regulated by host and microbial.factors. Among the microbial metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the most.abundant metabolites, produced in the intestine. SCFAs regulate ECs in G-proteincoupled.receptor-dependent and independent manners. SCFAs prepare ECs to efficiently.mount immune responses to pathogens to prevent chronic infection and subsequent.inflammation in the intestine. At the same time, SCFAs suppress inflammatory responses.by regulating a number of immune and non-immune cell types including ECs in the.intestine. Moreover, SCFAs regulate the differentiation and activation of immune cells in.the intestine for promotion of both immunity and immune tolerance. We discuss the.recent progress in our understanding of the functions of SCFAs and their receptors in.regulation of intestinal immunity and inflammation.