Interfacial and structural transformations in Ni-rich cathodes: a roadmap toward chemical stability

fluorine-rich electrolytes, hybrid compartmentalized systems, and MOF-functionalized separators, which suppress HF formation and transition-metal dissolution. The article further highlights emerging manufacturing-compatible solutions-including solvent-free mechanofusion coatings, spatial atomic layer deposition, facing-target sputtering, and wet-chemical nanoshell growth-that integrate surface and bulk stabilization. These approaches not only improve high-voltage cycling (>4.5 V) but also meet industrial scalability and sustainability goals through direct regeneration and closed-loop cathode recycling. By unifying lattice, oxygen, and interfacial stabilization into a coherent framework, this roadmap provides actionable guidance for designing next-generation Ni-rich cathodes that achieve long-term durability, high safety, and industrial manufacturability for the global electrification era.