Translucent, hydrophobic, and mechanically tough aerogels constructed from trimethylsilylated chitosan nanofibers

and OH groups in chitosan nanofibers to produce a waterproof nanofibrous aerogel while keeping its nanoscale structural homogeneity intact. The unique microstructure of a three-dimensionally entangled nanofiber network exhibiting a combination of translucency, hydrophobicity, and non-brittleness is described.