This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Maternal and fetal risks of cardiopulmonary bypass Timing cardiac surgery during pregnancy Cardiac procedures avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass Uteroplacental perfusion and cardiopulmonary bypass Myometrial activity during CPB Anesthesia and surgery in the parturient Fetal monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass Cardiopulmonary bypass technique Cardiopulmonary bypass duration Postoperative course Summary Anticoagulation and hematologic considerations Acid – base status References