E2F3 gene expression is a potential negative prognostic marker for localised and MYCN not‐amplified neuroblastoma: Results of in silico analysis of 786 samples

Abstract Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is an enigmatic childhood malignancy characterised by a wide range of clinical behaviour. Many potential oncogenes for NB have recently been identified. Among them, E2 transcription factor 3 ( E2F3) expression was associated with a poor survival in 134 stage 4S patients, but evidence for other stage groups remains poorly investigated. Methods We have analysed the expression of E2F3 gene from a database of 786 NB samples. Overall and event‐free survivals (EFS) were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method, splitting the data on the median and tertile expression values. The Cox model was applied to control for the confounding by stage, age and MYCN amplification. Validation was performed by an in silico analysis of an independent cohort of 283 NB patients. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence analysis on 48 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded NB specimens was also performed. Results E2F3 overexpression was associated with a poor survival (EFS = 84%, 95% CI: 79%–95%, for low expression levels; EFS = 62%, 95% CI: 56%–68% for middle levels; EFS = 30%, 95% CI: 24%–36%, for high levels, p < .001). This association was confirmed in multivariable analysis and was more evident in patients with MYCN not‐amplified and localised stages. Immunofluorescence results and the validation on an independent cohort of NB primary samples confirmed these findings. Conclusions E2F3 is a new potential prognostic marker in NB with favourable characteristics at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of E2F3 in NB oncogenesis and progression, in order to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.