Radiation effects on heat and mass transfer in porous media using Casson nanofluids: Fractional model with nanoparticles in vegetable oil

This study investigates the enhancement of heat and mass transfer in vegetable oil-based nanofluids by incorporating graphene oxide, molybdenum disulfide, titania, and alumina nanoparticles. A Caputo fractional derivative (CFD) model, based on Fourier's and Fick's laws, was employed to derive closed-form solutions using Laplace and Fourier sine transformations, represented by Mittag-Leffler functions. The fractional Casson fluid model demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles compared to the classical model. Key engineering parameters, including skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number, were numerically computed. Results revealed a 19.9431 % increase in heat transfer rate with graphene oxide nanoparticles, while mass transfer rates decreased by 4.4 %. These findings highlight the potential of nanofluids to significantly improve thermal efficiency in industrial applications such as heat exchangers, thermal management in electric vehicle batteries, and solar thermal systems. The study underscores the importance of fractional calculus in modeling nanofluid dynamics and provides a foundation for optimizing energy systems through innovative nanoparticle combinations. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly thermal management solutions, particularly in industries requiring high-efficiency heat transfer fluids.