Ferroptosis: Therapeutic Potential and Strategies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis for NSCLC patients remains unfavorable. The effective treatment of NSCLC remains challenging due to its aggressive metastatic and invasive properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel treatment strategies. In recent years, different from apoptosis and necrosis, ferroptosis has garnered increasing attention since its initial identification in 2012. It is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of various cancers. In this review, we summarize the distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics of ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the genetic regulation of ferroptosis in NSCLC, highlighting key biomarkers that may serve as potential therapeutic targets. We also evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis, including gene therapy, natural compounds, chemical agents, combination therapies, and nanoparticle-based approaches. Based on current evidence, the limitations and future prospects of ferroptosis-based therapies for NSCLC are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the potential of ferroptosis-based therapies for NSCLC and its implications for the development of novel treatments.