Unraveling the venom constituents of the endoparasitoid Aphidius gifuensis with an emphasis on the discovery of a novel insecticidal peptide

Venom serves as a pivotal parasitic factor employed by parasitoid wasps to manipulate their hosts, creating a favorable environment for the successful growth of their progeny, and ultimately kill the host. The bioactive molecules within parasitoid venoms exhibit insecticidal activities with promising prospects for agricultural applications. However, knowledge regarding the venom components of parasitoids and the discovery of functional biomolecules from them remains limited.