Phyllanretiosides A and B: Two Undescribed Compounds from Phyllanthus reticulatus with Nitric Oxide Production Inhibition and Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of the leaves of Phyllanthus reticulatus led to the isolation of two new compounds, phyllanretiosides A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) together with ten known ones ( 3 – 12 ). Their chemical structures were determined by HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, and ECD spectra in comparison with the literature. Three ellagitannins, phyllanretioside A ( 1 ), corilagin ( 3) , and phyllanthusiin C ( 4) inhibited lipopolysaccharide(LPS)‐induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC 50 values of 63.2, 83.2, and 5.6 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 1 , 3 , and 4 exhibited significantly antimicrobial activity (MICs: 16–128 μg/mL) towards some of seven microbial strains.