Survival and quality of life after CSF diversion in adult patients with leptomeningeal metastasis–associated hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Based on the present findings, shunting does not improve OS but does relieve symptoms, suggesting that individuals who exhibit certain symptoms should be considered for CSF diversion. The present findings prompt the generation of a standardized decision-making tool and a critical analysis of the individual patient risk-benefit ratio. Implementation of these will optimize surgical management of LM-H patients.