Autoantibodies Targeting Unknown Epitope Autoimmune Encephalitis and the Effect of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy: Report of Three Cases.

Generally autoimmune encephalitis (AE) cases present with central nervous system symptoms. Many types of autoantibodies are associated with autoimmune encephalitis, with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor being the most commonly reported. However, autoimmune encephalitis cases with autoantibodies targeting unknown epitopes are increasingly recognized. This article aims to summarize the clinical experience and assess the feasibility of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) as an adjunctive treatment method for autoimmune encephalitis patients with poor response to first-line immunotherapy and mainly displaying psychiatric symptoms.