Supercapacitors: Fabrication Challenges and Trends

Supercapacitors have shown great potential as important complements to batteries. We first describe the principle of supercapacitors, including the categories and the main components of supercapacitors. In the second part, we compare the advantages of supercapacitors with other energy storage devices, and then the power densities of active materials are compared with each other. In the third part, we show how various technologies are used to fabricate electrodes and supercapacitors. In the last part, several applications are presented, showing the high value of supercapacitors, including hybrid vehicles, solar cells, and wearable and portable devices.