Bilateral quinolinic acid-induced lipid peroxidation, decreased striatal monoamine levels and neurobehavioral deficits are ameliorated by GIP receptor agonist D-Ala 2 GIP in rat model of Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an established etiopathology linked to neuronal oxidative stress and corticostriatal excitotoxicity. Present study explores the effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist on the neurobehavioral sequelae of quinolinic acid-induced phenotype of Huntington's disease in rats. Bilateral administration of quinolinic acid (300 nmol/4 μl) to the rat striatum led to characteristic deficits in, locomotor activity, motor coordination, neuromuscular coordination and short-term episodic memory. Therapeutic treatment for 14 days with a stable and brain penetrating GIP receptor agonist, D-Ala2GIP (100 nmol/kg, i.p.), attenuated the neurobehavioral deficits due to quinolinic acid (QA) administration. Protective actions of D-Ala2GIP were sensitive to blockade with a GIP receptor antagonist, (Pro3)GIP (50 nmol/kg, i.p.), indicating specific involvement of GIP receptor signaling pathway. Stimulation of GIP receptor with D-Ala2GIP attenuated lipid peroxidation, evidenced by reduced levels of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), and restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain. Quinolinic acid administration led to significant loss of striatal monoamines, e.g., norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and metabolites, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). D-Ala2GIP attenuated the QA-induced depletion of striatal monoamines, without affecting the monoamine degradation pathways. Thus, observed effects with D-Ala2GIP in the QA-induced Huntington's disease model could be attributable to reduction in lipid peroxidation, restoration of endogenous antioxidants and decreased striatal monoamine levels. These findings together suggest that stimulation of GIP receptor signaling pathway in brain could be a potential therapeutic strategy in the symptomatic management of Huntington's disease.