Imaging predictors for hematoma expansion in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A current review

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the common subtype of stroke and has a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than ischemic stroke. Early enlargement of the hematoma has been identified as an independent risk factor of poor outcome after ICH. To date, noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and even computed tomography perfusion (CTP) are readily available in some clinical settings. Predictors of hematoma expansion (HE) by using these modalities may be more effective for clinicians. This review summarizes current evidence on neuroimaging markers to predict HE or functional outcome in recent years.