MicroRNAs in Various Body Fluids and their Importance in Forensic Medicine

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. miRNAs have tissue-specific expression and are also present in various extracellular body fluids, including blood, tears, semen, vaginal fluid, and urine. Additionally, the expression of miRNAs in body fluids is linked to various pathological diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Examination of body fluids is important in forensic medicine as they serve as a valuable form of evidence. Due to its stability, miRNA offers an advantage for body fluid identification, which can be detected even after several months or from compromised samples. Identification of unique miRNA profiles for different body fluids enables the identification of the body fluids. Furthermore, miRNAs profiling can be used to estimate post-mortem interval. Various biochemical and molecular methods used for the identification of miRNAs have shown promising results. We discuss different miRNAs as specific biomarkers and their clinical importance in different pathological conditions, as well as their medicolegal importance.