Objective: To analyze the causes of dyspnea during thyroid operation and summarize the corresponding treatment measures. Methods: 332 patients,who underwent thyroid operation in our hospital from August,2003 to August,2013,were retrospectively analyzed,and the causes of dyspnea and the corresponding treatment measures during perioperation were summarized in 10 cases. Results: 9 patients had the symptom of dyspnoea and 1 patient had the symptom of asphyxia during perioperation. They were treated by oxygen inhalation,atomization inhalation,endotracheal intubation,tracheotomy and hematoma removal respectively based on the different causes. All the 10 patients recovered well. Conclusion:It is very important to understand and judge the causes of dyspnoea during thyroid operation and treat them properly in time. If timely and exact judgment can not be made or dyspnoea can not be obviously relieved,indications of tracheotomy should be properly broadened to make the patients' airways function smoothly first of all.