Objective: To investigate the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by antimicrobial treatment in the elders.Methods:Old patients with antimicrobial treatment were observed;investigate adhibition of antimicrobial agents,the incidence of intestinal flora imbalance relation antibiotic in the elders.Results:The rate of intestinal flora imbalance was 54.76% in pations with two weeks antimicrobial application,higher than that in one week(P0.01).The rate of intestinal flora imbalance was 65.15% in patients with three kinds of antimicrobial agents,higher than that in one kind(P0.01).Conclusion:The overuse of antimicrobial agente can cause imbalance of intestinal flora.It is inimportemt to surgey the old patients of intestinal flora imbalance who receive antimicrobial.