Different types of bioceramics as dental pulp capping materials: A systematic review

The aim of this study was to summarize and systemically review the different types of bioceramics that have been proposed to be used as direct dental pulp capping materials for dentin regeneration in permanent teeth. This article reviewed the studies carried out on the bioceramic materials as dental pulp capping agents. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus electronic databases were searched with the selected keywords. The retrieved articles were evaluated by 2 reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the extracted data were arranged in Tables. After removing duplicate articles and further screening, 3126 articles were retrieved in this review. Following discussing the composition and characteristics of different types of bioceramics reported in the literature, 47 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. The results of this review showed that certain types of calcium silicate-based materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Biodentine seem to be the most effective bioceramics currently used for direct pulp capping in permanent teeth compared with that of other types of bioceramics. In addition, different types of calcium phosphate materials like tricalcium phosphates and bioactive glasses have been recently introduced as alternative bioceramics for dental pulp capping. Calcium phosphates might be considered as more appropriate pulp capping materials in future because of their unique characteristics. However, because of lack of promising information, only further well-designed in vitro and long term clinical studies are required to confirm the most appropriate type of bioceramics for direct dental pulp capping procedures.