Distinct strategies of the habitat generalists and specialists in sediment of Tibetan lakes

Summary Microbial metacommunities normally comprise generalists and specialists. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying the diversity patterns of these two sub‐communities is crucial for aquatic biodiversity maintenance. However, little is known about the ecological assembly processes and co‐occurrence patterns of the habitat generalists and specialists across large spatial scales in plateau lake sediments, particularly regarding their environmental adaptations. Here, we investigated assembly processes of the habitat generalists and specialists in sediment of Tibetan lakes and their role in the stability of metacommunity co‐occurrence network. Our results showed that the habitat generalists exhibited broader environmental thresholds and closer phylogenetic clustering than specialist counterparts. In contrast, the specialists exhibited stronger phylogenetic signals of ecological preferences compared with the habitat generalists. Stochastic processes dominated the habitat generalist (63.2%) and specialist (81.3%) community assembly. Sediment pH was the major factor mediating the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in the habitat generalists and specialists. In addition, as revealed by network analysis, the habitat specialists played a greater role in maintaining the stability of metacommunity co‐occurrence network. The insights gained from this study can be helpful to understand the mechanisms underlying maintenance of sediment microbial diversity in plateau lakes.