A review of techniques for the use and management of distributed generation

This review paper examines the role of Distributed Generation (DG) in modern power systems and the methods used for its optimal integration. It begins by outlining the technical and economic benefits of DG, including improved energy access, operational flexibility, and grid resilience, while also discussing the limitations associated with renewable and non-renewable sources. The integration of energy storage is highlighted as a critical enabler of system reliability and stability. With a novelty of this review paper discuss about the integrated perspective: compare to the previous studies that only discuss on the optimisation or control aspects, this review paper uniquely presents the links between the DG planning and the optimisation models which can be defined as a combinatorial model with a transient stability and energy function based analyses, a field which most of the time forgotten by the researchers in existing DG reviews A key contribution of this review is the emphasis on transient stability as a planning criterion for DG . Recent studies show that high DG penetration can reduce the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) due to lower system inertia, and that inappropriate siting may compromise rotor-angle stability or even lead to loss of synchronism. By systematically comparing heuristic, metaheuristic, hybrid, and AI-based optimization methods, this paper links established DG planning techniques with emerging stability-oriented approaches. Additionally, this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages which lead to the strengths and limitations of the software technologies, to provide a practical dimension to the analysis were pointing out the novelty of this work. The review concludes with a roadmap for stability-constrained DG optimization, identifying opportunities for future research to ensure that DG integration enhances not only efficiency and reliability but also the dynamic security of power systems.