Synthesis and Crystallization Mechanisms of Zeolites: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT Zeolite catalysts and adsorbents are widely used in the petrochemical industry, environmental governance, and gas separation, and will play an increasingly important role in emerging technologies such as energy conversion. Customized zeolite design requires an in‐depth understanding of crystallization pathways to accurately manipulate nucleation and growth. Due to the complexity of synthesis media and the diversity of mechanisms, a systematic summary of existing knowledge is essential. This paper reviews representative synthesis strategies—including traditional hydrothermal routes, solvent‐free synthesis, and steam‐assisted crystallization—and investigates the critical factors influencing zeolite formation. We specifically focus on the distinct roles of liquid‐phase, solid‐phase, and solid‐liquid biphasic mechanisms. Furthermore, we analyze the crystallization trends of key framework types, such as LTA, FAU, MFI, and CHA, elucidating the effects of precursor assembly and induction period dynamics. Finally, we propose current research gaps and future directions to advance the precise synthesis of zeolite materials.