Defects Engineering in Photocatalytic Water Splitting Materials

Abstract Defect engineering has been proved to be an effective approach to improve the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalysts. In this review, recent progress in the design of the defects with the classified anion vacancies, cation vacancies, and multi‐vacancies on the photocatalysts to promote the photocatalytic activity is summarized. The strategies to manufacture the defective photocatalysts and the characterization techniques to distinguish various defects are presented. The roles of defects in photocatalytic water splitting are discussed. Finally, the challenge in developing the defective photocatalysts is outlined.