Quantitative assessment of geological hazard risk with different hazard indexes in mountainous areas

To prevent and control geological hazards (geohazards), the intensity of geohazards compared to the frequency is more important in geohazard risk assessment. This has mostly been overlooked in previous studies. To address this deficiency, this study established different hazard indexes to comprehensively and quantitatively express the risks of geohazards. Moreover, human factors and anthropogenic activities characteristic of mountainous areas have been introduced into geohazard evaluation by different spatial autoregression models through a case study. The case is reported as follows: (1) Different hazard indexes can fully express the location, frequency and intensity of geohazards. (2) Areas with high incidence and high intensity of geohazards can be accurately identified in the case study area with an accuracy of 0.829 and 0.730, respectively. (3) Regions with the highest-risk and high-risk intensity and the highest-risk and high-risk frequency are not spatially consistent, accounting for 15.16% and 0.57% of the case areas, respectively. The hazard indexes developed in this work have the potential to increase comprehensive geohazard risk identification while also providing scientific support for hazard prevention and mitigation.