Total Flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. Attenuated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation Through Targeting SREBP1 and PPARα

ABSTRACT This research delved into the effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. (TFER) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). High‐fat diet‐induced NAFLD rat models and palmitic acid‐induced HepG2 cell models were employed. In both models, TFER significantly reduced serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory factors such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Additionally, it increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Mechanistically, TFER regulated lipid‐related proteins Sterol Regulatory Element‐Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4). In summary, TFER exhibits potential for treating NAFLD by modulating these lipid‐related proteins.