Carbon quantum dots: A comprehensive review of green Synthesis, characterization and investigation their applications in bioimaging

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained substantial attention as multifunctional nanomaterials with distinctive characteristics, positioning them as highly promising candidates across various applications. This article presents a thorough examination of the techniques used in synthesizing and characterizing CQDs, with a focus on their varied structural and chemical compositions. The diverse synthesis methods encompass a broad spectrum of approaches, from traditional bottom-up techniques to innovative top-down strategies, each exerting influence over the physicochemical properties of CQDs. In addition, this review delves into the ever-expanding realm of bioimaging applications, showcasing the exceptional performance of CQDs. It also underscores recent breakthroughs in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of CQD bioimaging, shedding light on the interactions between CQDs and biological systems. Moreover, a critical analysis of present challenges and future prospects in this domain is provided, paving the way for the rational design and advancement of sophisticated CQDs for bioimaging applications. This comprehensive review serves as an invaluable reference for researchers, offering profound insights into the synthesis, characterization, and bioimaging applications of CQDs.