Impedance Cell Sensing Technology From Single-Frequency to Multifrequency: A Review

The human body is composed of cells, and the electrical properties of cells can reflect the state of cells and thus the physiological health of the human body. Therefore, the study of electrical properties of cells such as impedance, phase, and other information is of great significance in biomedical and clinical medicine applications, such as early diagnosis of diseases and drug screening. Currently, there are many techniques for studying single cells, but all of them have certain drawbacks, while frequency impedance cell sensing technique, including single-frequency impedance and multifrequency impedance cell sensing technology, as bioimpedance technology, has attracted much attention from researchers because of its noninvasive, low cost, simple operation, and nontoxic and harmless characteristics. This article reviews the technologies involved in frequency impedance cell sensing technology, namely electrical impedance technology and bioimpedance technology, briefly describes single-frequency impedance cell sensing technology and its drawbacks, introduces multifrequency impedance cell sensing technology in detail, and briefly describes the principles of multifrequency impedance cell sensing technology, its development status and applications in biomedical field, problems and challenges, and future development.