Advancements in Nanocarrier Production Techniques and Methods for Enhanced Targeted Delivery of Drug: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: Nanotechnology has transformed drug delivery systems, leading to the creation of various nanocarriers that offer significant advantages over traditional methods. This review explores key techniques and methods for producing nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, nanocapsules, carbon nanotubes, polymeric micelles, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Operating within the nanoscale range (1-100 nm), these nanocarriers enhance drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve bioavailability. Liposomes are generated using methods, such as the Bangham procedure, solvent injection, and microfluidic channels. Nanocarriers have become fundamental to sophisticated drug delivery systems, providing improved precision, regulated release, and targeted therapeutic administration. Innovative methods, such as microfluidics and nanoprecipitation, have enhanced the scalability and consistency of nanocarriers, while progress in surface engineering, including ligand conjugation and stimuli-responsive coatings, facilitates improved targeting and controlled drug release. The advancement of biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers, has broadened the clinical utility of nanocarriers, especially in oncology, neurology, and gene therapy. This review underscores the versatility and potential of these nanocarriers in advancing drug delivery, emphasizing their capacity for targeted, efficient, and controlled therapeutic interventions.