Post-Herpetic Neuralgia: Review of Pathophysiology, Mechanisms, and Drug Treatment

Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of Herpes zoster infection. Although numerous targeted therapeutic drugs have been developed, it is difficult to achieve a complete cure. Abnormalities in neural circuits, ion channels, inflammatory factors, and gene regulation are crucial factors contributing to the development of PNH; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PNH is critical for advancing research and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Based on the latest findings, we systematically reviewed the current understanding of PHN mechanisms and corresponding treatment options and provided a comprehensive reference for future studies.