Molecular analysis of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis and Brucella abortus in adult Ornithodoros lahorensis soft ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) isolated from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

Abstract Introduction Ticks are obligate blood-feeding arthropods that cause significant economic losses in domestic animal husbandry and threaten public health. However, information about soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) and tick-borne pathogens in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of China is scarce. Material and Methods In this study, PCR assays and gene sequencing were used to detect and analyse the epidemiological features of Anaplasma ovis , Theileria ovis and Brucella abortus parasitic infections in 366 Ornithodoros lahorensis soft ticks collected from five sampling sites in the XUAR from October 2019 to March 2022. The ticks were identified by morphological and molecular methods as O. lahorensis . The PCR was conducted using primers complementary to the major surface protein 4 ( Msp4 ) gene of A. ovis , the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) of T. ovis and the outer membrane protein 22 ( Omp22 ) gene of B. abortus . Results The overall infection rate was 91/366 (24.9%) for A. ovis , 127/366 (34.7%) for T. ovis and 94/366 (25.6%) for B. abortus . Sequencing analysis indicated that A. ovis Msp4 , T. ovis 18S rRNA and B. abortus Omp22 genes from XUAR isolates showed 99.58–100% identity with documented isolates from other countries. Conclusion This study provides fundamental evidence for the occurrence of A. ovis , T. ovis and B. abortus in O. lahorensis . Therefore, the potential threat of soft ticks to livestock and humans should not be ignored. This study expands the understanding of the existence of tick-borne pathogens in O. lahorensis and is expected to improve the strategies for prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases in China.