Transmogrifying the potential of [Gd-Ho-Dy]:CsPbI2Br1 energy: High performance heterosystem for sustainable energy applications

Current work focuses the synthesis, characterization, and energy applications of the novel cesium based perovskite material doped with the triple lanthanides forming [Gd-Ho-Dy]:CsPbI2Br1 (GHD-CPVSK). Over the course of 28 days, GHD-CPVSK was marked by an excellent opto-electronic behavior with the band gap energies fluctuating between 1.84 and 1.95 eV. GHD-CPVSK was a remarkable hydrogen generation catalyst with lower overpotential and Tafel slope of 136 mV and 119.5 mV dec−1, respectively. O2 generation activity of the designed electro-catalysts expressed lower reaction kinetics. GHD-CPVSK also surpassed the reference electrode in terms of charge storage for battery applications reflected by the higher battery capacity of 654 mAh g−1 to that of 100 mAh g−1 for reference electrode. As a light harvester layer inside entirely ambient perovskite solar cell, GHD-CPVSK excelled over pristine absorber by gaining an efficiency of 16.75 % and 73.88 % fill factor with an impressive open circuit voltage of 1.19 V.