Impact ofPGPRinoculation on root morphological traits and root exudation in rapeseed and camelina: interactions with heat stress

Abstract Root exudation is involved in the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms by trophic relationships and/or signalling pathways. Among beneficial microorganisms, Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to improve plant growth and stress resistance. These interactions are of particular importance for species that do not interact with mycorrhizal fungi, such as rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) and camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz). However, heat stress is known to have a quantitative and qualitative impact on root exudation and could affect the interactions between plants and PGPR. We aimed to analyse the effects of PGPR inoculation on root morphology and exudation in rapeseed and camelina at the reproductive stage. The modulation of the effects of these interactions under heat stress was also investigated. The plants were inoculated twice at the reproductive stage with two different Pseudomonas species and were exposed to heat stress after the second inoculation. In non‐stressing conditions, after bacterial inoculation, rapeseed and camelina exhibited two contrasting behaviours in C root allocation. While rapeseed plants seemed to suffer from the interactions with the bacteria, camelina plants appeared to control the relationship with the PGPR by modifying the composition of their root exudates. Under heat stress, the plant‐PGPR interaction was unbalanced for rapeseed, for which the C allocation strategy is mainly driven by the C cost from the bacteria. Alternatively, camelina plants prioritized C allocation for their own above‐ground development. This work opens up new perspectives for understanding plant‐PGPR interactions, especially in an abiotic stress context.