Investigation of the bending and quasi‐static indentation properties of three‐dimensional (3D) textile‐reinforced composites

Abstract The three‐dimensional (3D) textiles, which are identified as advanced fabric systems, have been under development for decades and are demanded for number of structural or semi‐structural applications. They can be obtained by several production methods. These methods impart distinct, specific properties to the 3D textiles and their composites. However, the discrepancies in the production methods and their effects on the dry structure and composite mechanics need to be elucidated. In this study, the compressibility and bending properties of 3D woven, 3D multiaxis warp knitted, and 3D stitched fabrics were determined. Afterward, their composites were produced and tested under three‐point bending and quasi‐static indentation loads. Therefore, the load bearing capacity of 3D textiles was investigated from the dry structure to the composite. According to the purpose of the end‐uses, significant differences were obtained in their mechanical behaviors. When the indentation properties and damage mechanism are taken into consideration, the 3D woven composite shows the best performance among all composites. Highlights Quadriaxial oriented low crimp carbon yarns gain the best quasi‐static indentation resistance to composites. The stitching process prevents damage progress in composites and restrains smaller areas. Binding warp yarn enables the composite distribute indentation energy more evenly.