A comprehensive review on applications of engineered cementitious composites in pavements

A significant proportion of the pavement network around the world uses asphalt as the construction material. However, asphalt reserves are expected to last no more than 50 years. The apparent alternative, Portland Cement Concrete, has its limitations, such as environmental emissions and poor riding quality. Since its inception, Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) has been suggested as an alternative pavement material in scattered studies over the years. This study aims to compile and present the state-of-art in ECC-related pavement applications and clearly define the research gaps so that future researchers in this area can carry out their work efficiently. It is observed that ECC has primarily been used as an overlay over both asphalt and concrete substrates rather than as a full-depth pavement material. Other application areas include bridge deck pavements, repair works, multi-layer pavements, and special function applications. Research related to the comparative life cycle and life cycle cost assessment of ECC pavements is also reviewed in this study. One significant benefit of using ECC in pavements that is noted is that slab joints can be eliminated due to the high ductility of ECC. ECC also has the potential to greatly reduce pavement reflective cracking and life-cycle environmental impacts. While the absence of coarse aggregates produces a smooth surface for excellent riding quality, it also poses the risk of low pavement skid resistance. Another important and well-known drawback of ECC, especially for such a large-scale application, is the high construction cost. Some of these problems have been solved to a certain degree using waste alternative materials and rough fine aggregates such as corundum. More research is needed to understand the prospects of ECC as a full-depth pavement material rather than just an overlay. Future work revolving around more large-scale field demonstration, durability enhancement, further cost reduction, and life-cycle impact reduction is desirable for enhanced applicability of ECC in road infrastructure.