医学
混淆
共病
动物研究
人口
情感(语言学)
因果关系
人体研究
精神科
重症监护医学
环境卫生
内科学
政治学
语言学
哲学
法学
作者
Andrew Davidson,Lena S. Sun
出处
期刊:Anesthesiology
[Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]
日期:2017-11-28
卷期号:128 (4): 840-853
被引量:126
标识
DOI:10.1097/aln.0000000000001972
摘要
Abstract A recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration warning advised that prolonged or repeated exposure to general anesthetics may affect neurodevelopment in children. This warning is based on a wealth of preclinical animal studies and relatively few human studies. The human studies include a variety of different populations with several different outcome measures. Interpreting the results requires consideration of the outcome used, the power of the study, the length of exposure and the efforts to reduce the confounding effects of comorbidity and surgery. Most, but not all, of the large population-based studies find evidence for associations between surgery in early childhood and slightly worse subsequent academic achievement or increased risk for later diagnosis of a behavioral disability. In several studies, the amount of added risk is very small; however, there is some evidence for a greater association with multiple exposures. These results may be consistent with the preclinical data, but the possibility of confounding means the positive associations can only be regarded as weak evidence for causation. Finally, there is strong evidence that brief exposure is not associated with any long term risk in humans.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI