Sanger Sequencing and Next Generation Gene Sequencing: Basic Principles and Applications in Pathology

DNA sequencing indicates the determination of the order of sequence of the base pair in DNA. Sanger sequencing is a widely used commercial DNA sequencing. The chapter elucidates the basic principle and steps of Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS is the newer gene sequencing technology that rapidly performs sequencing from the small fragments of DNA. The different types of NGS include pyrosequencing, ion semiconductor sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, and nanopore sequencing. The basic principles, advantages and limitations of these techniques have been discussed in this chapter.