Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Alleviates Human Testicular Leydig Cell Senescence In Vitro

energy of LIPUS in vitro, which not only improved the senescence phenotype, but also effectively enhanced the secretory function of LCs in vitro, and increased the expression of key pathways of the testosterone synthesis pathway. These results suggest that LIPUS could be used as a novel treatment to human senescent LCs with decreased testosterone secretion levels in vitro.