Evolution of TROP2: Biological insights and clinical applications

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in a wide range of cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor behavior. This review synthesizes current research on the function of TROP2 in cancer progression through bibliometric analysis, with a special emphasis on advances in the study of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting TROP2. We examine the efficacy of targeted therapies against TROP2, in particular the use of sacituzumab govitecan (SG), and evaluate their clinical impact on the treatment of various cancers. Through recent studies and clinical trials, we analyze the clinical effects of TROP2-ADCs and explored the prospects for their application in different cancers, including combination therapies with other therapeutic approaches, studies of resistance mechanisms, and further exploration of TROP2 as a biomarker. This review aims to provide a concise overview of TROP2 applications in cancer therapy, emphasizing emerging trends and therapeutic strategies to provide direction for future research and clinical practice.