In Vivo Evaluation of Liver Injury and Arthritis Enabled by a Nitroxyl-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Dual-Modality Imaging Probe

evaluation of inflammatory disease progression in a mouse model. Treatment of mice with acetaminophen stimulated endogenous generation of HNO in their liver, which was successfully imaged using dual-modality near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic measurements. Fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of the ankle site of an arthritis mouse model enabled a study of the onset of this inflammatory disease.