Neural signals-based respiratory motion tracking: a prospective review

Respiratory motion tracking is critical for optimizing thoracoabdominal radiotherapy accuracy but remains constrained by the system latency of medical linear accelerators. Neural signals that precede the emergence of respiratory motion have the potential to mitigate this system latency issue in respiratory motion tracking radiotherapy. However, the real-time decoding of respiratory-related neural signals is challenging, creating translational bottlenecks that surpass the technical barriers encountered in conventional imaging-based tracking systems. This prospective review aims to provide an overview of the technical challenges and potential solutions for translating neural signals-based respiratory motion tracking into clinical practice.