Host-Specific Olfactory Plasticity in Cydia pomonella : Olfactory-Mediated Recognition of Walnut Volatiles Drives Oviposition Preference

3-hexenyl acetate had no effect. Olfactory genes, including cpomSNMP1, cpomOR59, cpomOR35, cpomOR2a, and cpomOR5, were upregulated in the walnut-associated population, potentially explaining these olfactory differences. This study advances our understanding of the genetic basis underlying female codling moth oviposition behavior and volatile recognition and provides insights for developing more suitable oviposition attractants from plant volatiles, thereby facilitating the control of codling moth in orchards planted with different host species.