Adjustable Self-Assembly of Perchlorate with Nitrogen-Rich Bicyclic Compounds: High-Energy Component Enhances Combustion of Composite Solid Propellants

Developing energetic compounds with high energy and low sensitivity is a key focus for the progression of civil and military industries. Driven by crystal engineering, the solvent-mediated adjustable self-assembly strategy of perchlorate with nitrogen-rich bicyclic energetic compounds was successfully explored, and three kinds of oxidant-dropped self-assembly energetic compounds (ATOADP·H₂O, ATOADP, and ATOAP) were prepared under the guidance of electrostatic potential. Among them, ATOADP has a high density (1.988 g cm^-3) and good thermal stability (280.6 °C), and its detonation performance (D = 8986 m s^-1, P = 38.1 GPa) far exceeds that of RDX (D = 8795 m s^-1, P = 34.9 GPa). Crystals with acceptable sensitivity (IS = 7 J, FS = 120 N) were obtained in a MeOH/EA system, and the combustion flame was stable and bright. Moreover, ATOADP is an excellent candidate to replace RDX in composite solid propellants, and the burning rate of 5% and 10% substituted propellant samples increased by 26.0% and 21.1%, respectively. The excellent performances of these di perchlorate compounds suggest that self-assembly strategy is a convenient and promising method for guiding the synthesis of energetic compounds.