Antihypertensive effects of rice peptides involve intestinal microbiome alterations and intestinal inflammation alleviation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

, and elevated production of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid metabolites. Collectively, these studies suggest that the hypotensive effects of RP may be associated with modulation of the gut microbiota and its short-chain fatty acids metabolites. This implicates the microbiota-gut-HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB axis as a novel venue for the amelioration of hypertension and its complications.