Recent progress of cryogenic thermoelectric materials

Solid-state thermoelectric (TE) materials can directly convert heat into electricity and vice versa without any mechanically moving parts or emissions. In recent years, the research of thermoelectric materials has made great progress, especially in the field of waste heat power generation at middle or high temperatures. However, the applications at cryogenic temperatures have not been paid much attention to. Here we review the recent progress of cryogenic thermoelectric materials. Some new trends, strategies and opportunities are discussed. Finally, some prospects for the future research of cryogenic thermoelectric materials are presented.