Fluoride-ion batteries: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

The ever-growing demand for efficient energy storage devices has prompted researchers to explore alternative systems which are capable of providing better performance than the currently used Li-ion battery (LIB) technology. Recently, the most electronegative fluoride ion mediated reversible batteries are identified to outperform today's LIBs, particularly in terms of energy density. With suitable electrode and electrolyte combinations, Fluoride Ion Batteries (FIBs) can theoretically provide volumetric energy density more than eight times the energy density of current LIBs. However, FIBs are still at the infancy stage of development and vast improvements need to be done concerning the performance of the electrode, as well as the electrolyte. This review deals with various aspects of FIBs including electrode materials, electrolytes, performance characteristics, challenges and advances in FIBs.