Ambient Processing Conditions and Their Effects on Perovskite Device Performance

Abstract Perovskite‐based solar devices have gained a worldwide development effort as they hold the potential of affordable solar power. This assumption is based on the inexpensive deposition and growth methods which are centered on ambient processing conditions. However, the data presented here indicate that the ambient conditions have a profound effect on the resulting device performance. Presented here are the effects of ambient conditions of temperature, pressure and solvent concentrations on device performance for devices grown using solvent engineering deposition methods. The results show that ambient conditions effect solvent evaporation rates which have a profound effect on device performance. Additionally, the Marangoni effect, described and observed here for the first time in perovskite solar devices, is also observed via its influence on the film parameters. Finally, the case is made that reliable and consistent perovskite devices will need a processing chamber to control the effects of temperature, pressure, and solvent conditions for perovskite devices to be truly commercializable.