Microspheres are tiny spherical entities made of polymer as a carrier for wrapping or adsorption drugs, its particle size range are generally 1~500 μm. Silk fibroin is a natural protein extracted from silk, which possesses good biocompatibility, biodegradability and physical and chemical properties. Silk fibroin has been widely used in the operation suture, artificial skin, tissue engineering, cell culture, drug controlled release carrier and so on. Silk fibroin based microspheres, with large surface area, biodegradability and biocompatibility, have been widely studied. We introduce the current research situation of silk fibroin sustained-release microspheres and makes a expectation for the development of silk fibroin microspheres.