Circulating miRNA in Atherosclerosis: A Clinical Biomarker and Early Diagnostic Tool

Atherosclerosis, a vascular disease, is characterized by narrowing the arteries and forming plaque inside arteries. There is a record of 17.5 million associated deaths recorded annually, representing 31% of global death. It has been noted that there is an association between vascular fibrosis and atherosclerosis. The thickening of the arterial wall and reduction of the lumen diameter may cause unwarranted deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and these conditions help in the progression of many clinical diseases and pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the involvement of various circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the very early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. We have also tried to provide an insight into the advantages and validation of circulating miRNAs through different techniques. We have discussed different circulating miRNAs, such as miR-17, miR-17-5p, miR-29b, miR-30, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-143, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-212, miR-218, miR-221, miR-222 and miR- 361-5p as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The insightful demonstration in this review will offer a better opportunity for the researchers and technology developers in understanding the current scenario of circulating miRNA, which could facilitate them in improving the current diagnostic technologies of atherosclerosis in clinics.