Controlled hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth oxychloride/bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide composites exhibiting visible-light photocatalytic degradation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and crystal violet

This paper presents an unprecedented systematic synthetic study of a controlled hydrothermal method for the preparation of bismuth oxychloride/bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide ternary composites (BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq). The pH, temperature, and KCl:KBr:KI molar ratio for the reactions were adjusted to control the compositions and morphologies of BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq composites. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface areas, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to the products. The photocatalytic activities of dispersions were examined by monitoring the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and crystal violet concentrations. Various scavengers demonstrated quenching effects. O2- was crucial to HBA degradation, whereas h+ and OH played minor roles in HBA degradation. This text hypothesizes possible photodegradation mechanisms.