Insights into Background of Microbial Aggregations (Acinetobacter baumannii): A Century of Challenges

: In recent years, Acinetobacter baumannii has attracted the research community’s attention since they are turned into the leading cause of both community- and hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of MDR-A. baumannii strains threatens hospitalized patients since antibiotics fail to withdraw the bacterial infectious agents. Despite its worldwide distribution, health settings fail to combat limitations in therapeutic regions against A. baumannii. The capability of biofilm formation in A. baumannii strengthens their virulence and also survival. Understanding the fundamental virulence mechanisms beyond the microbial aggregations leads to exploring alternative drug targets such as signaling molecules and Quorum sensing systems to block bacterial communication and antimicrobial resistance. The significance of examining the biofilm's structural details and the relationship between Quorum sensing networks and related signaling molecules has been explicitly highlighted. Accordingly, this review study aimed to explain the general biofilm structure, the mechanisms beyond biofilm formation, quorum sensing system, and the generation of signaling molecules in A. baumannii.